What Temperature Does Fahrenheit Equal Celsius

The Celsius and Fahrenheit are two important temperature scales. The Fahrenheit scale is used primarily in the United States, while Celsius is used throughout the world. The two scales have different zero points and the Celsius degree is bigger than the Fahrenheit one. There is one point on the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales where the temperatures in degrees are equal. This is -40 Â °C and -40 Â °F. If you cant remember the number, there is a simple algebraic method to find the answer. Key Takeaways: When Does Fahrenheit Equal Celsius? Celsius and Fahrenheit are two important temperature scales.The Fahrenheit and Celsius scales have one point at which they intersect. The two temperatures scales are equal at -40 Â °C and -40 Â °F.The simple method to find when two temperature scales are equal to each other is to set the conversion factors for the two scales equal to each other and solve for temperature. Setting Fahrenheit and Celsius Equal Rather than converting one temperature to another (not helpful because it assumes you already know the answer), you set degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit equal to each other using the conversion formula between the two temperature scales: Â °F (Â °C * 9/5) 32Â °C (Â °F - 32) * 5/9 It does not matter which equation you use. Simply use x instead of degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit. You can solve this problem by solving for x: Â °C 5/9 * (Â °F - 32)x 5/9 * (x - 32)x (5/9)x - 17.7781x - (5/9)x -17.7780.444x -17.778x -40 degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit Working using the other equation you get the same answer: Â °F (Â °C * 9/5) 32Â °x - (Â °x * 9/5) 32-4/5 * Â °x 32Â °x -32 * 5/4x -40Â ° More About Temperature You can set two scales equal to each other to find when any of them intersect. Sometimes its easier to just look up the equivalent temperature. This handy temperature conversion scale may help you out. You can also practice converting between temperature scales: Fahrenheit to CelsiusCelsius to FahrenheitCelsius Versus Centigrade

Does Developmental Generativity Predict Substance Use...

Does Developmental Generativity Predict Substance Use in Middle Aged Adults? Erikson’s (1968, 1980, 1982) psychosocial stages of development provide a framework for the different stages of development throughout the human lifespan. These stages of development begin at birth and continue until death, and separate the lifespan into eight stages based on chronological age. Within these eight different aging stages are corresponding psychosocial stages. Each of these psychosocial stages represent a conflict between two characteristics of development for that particular time period in a person’s life. The beginning stages of Erikson’s (1968, 1980, 1982) model focus almost entirely on the individual and the self, developing those personal characteristics and developing the idea of the self. It is not until middle adulthood that the psychosocial conflict changes perspective to reflect outside of the self. The seventh psychosocial stage is generativity versus stagnation, which takes place during the ages of 40 to 60. In this stage, the in dividual turns the focus outside of themselves and starts to focus on society, community, and the family. While a person can feel generative by having their own family and children, this is only a small part of being successfully generative. Generativity can roughly be described as connection between generations. This entails having a desire to contribute to the next generations, as well as creating and accomplishing things

Goals Free Essays

Write down one of your SMART goals as a college student. Date: 25 July 2014 Proof. Aid Alfalfa My SMART goal as a college student is to finish college and graduate with a degree in Chemical Engineering. We will write a custom essay sample on Goals or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reason for choosing this course is that I particularly like Chemistry and would like to work in the fields involving Chemistry. Furthermore, to study Chemical Engineering at M. I. T. Ill be do a tremendous amount of help to me. 2. Explain how this goal can be made: a) Specific To be specific about my goal, I want to fully graduate at M. I. T. With a degree in Chemical Engineering. As I have mentioned earlier, I have taken a liking to Chemistry, and furthermore, I achieved good grades in Chemistry during High school. If I do graduate, I will be able to get a Job in such a diverse field of work. B) Measurable To measure the progress of this goal, it will be accomplished within 4 to 5 years. Within the course of each year, it will obviously become harder to achieve this goal, due to growing amount of subjects, projects, assignments and the like. To put certain points to check on the progress would be, finishing each year’s load of subjects. ) Achievable To achieve this goal, I have to study. As simple as it sounds, it is not simple in action, as I would need to be persistent hardworking towards my studies. This will be very hard to achieve but it is worthwhile. D) Realistic Reason being for this goal to be very rewarding, is the widely open and diverse field of work I can be able to get into. Furthermore, in to day’s day and age, there is a great need of engineers, and a greater need for Chemical Engineers. This suits me Just fine, as I often think that I have an aptitude for Science. E) Time bound As fore mentioned, this goal will be achieved in 4 to 5 years. Even though this course is usually done within 5 years, M. I. T. Is able to produce engineers within 4 years. Within this timeshare, I will be able to learn and achieve many other things along the way. 3. Write a plan of action Goal To graduate at M. I. T. With a degree in Chemical Engineering. Specific Actions to be taken -To study with persistence and hard work -To persevere in the following years -Be able to make friends and get along with many other students Timeshare Within this timeshare, I would need to accomplish many subjects to graduate, major subjects such as Science and Mathematics, and other subjects, such as NSP and Humanities. How to cite Goals, Papers

Aliens free essay sample

The government has had encounters with extra terrestrials, and they cover it up because they don’t want the common people knowing they really exist. There have even been government documents that prove that the government is in contact with extraterrestrials. One very good example is the government document called â€Å"Project Blue Book†. In this are government recorded sightings and peoples accounts of extraterrestrial experiences. In the book there was thousands of UFO sightings and of them 701 remain classified under â€Å"unidentified with no explanation†. There is also a spot in the book labeled â€Å"confirmed extraterrestrial air craft† with a list of some that they have for sure confirmed to be aircrafts of extraterrestrial beings. The government closed this investigation and declassified the book. There are very few confirmed sightings in the book, but who is to say what they cut out of it before they declassified it. They could have taken out many verified sightings so they wouldn’t give there current secrets about extraterrestrials away. We will write a custom essay sample on Aliens or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are many people that have claimed to have been abducted by extraterrestrial life forms. Some are just hoaxes, and some are true. Certain abduction stories are undoubtedly true. Certain accounts and descriptions can not just be made up, there has to be truth in the story. One abduction story starts in a kitchen. On January 25, 1967, Betty Andreasson was in her kitchen making a sandwich when all of a sudden the lights went out. Coming from outside there was a flickering red light. She glanced out of the window and saw strange figures approaching her house. Then five small creatures that look a little like humans enter into her house passing through the wooden front door. The tallest one was maybe five feet tall but the rest were around four feet tall. She says â€Å"All had large pear-shaped heads, wide catlike wraparound eyes, and diminutive ears and noses. Their mouths were immobile slits that reminded Betty of scar lines. Each wore a coverall blue uniform adorned with a Sam Browne-type belt. An insignia of a bird was affixed to their sleeves. Their hands had three digit. . . They wore boot-like attire on their feet. They floated rather than walked. † They then proceeded to take her outside and into there ship which was on the side of a mountain by her house. They took her into the spacecraft that was about twenty feet in diameter. It seemed to merge with another aircraft and that’s when they preformed physical examinations on her with their equipment which she had never seen before. She claims to have had an out of body experience when they were doing it. It was alien technology for sure. Later that night the two aliens that took her away from her house brought her back. When she walked inside her family was in the same spot as when she left. They seemed to have been frozen in time. The aliens put everyone to bed and then left. She says that she felt like it was a religious experience, but she knew that it wasn’t when she thought about it later down the line. It made her realize what really happened and tell other people. The accounts and descriptions from her story are just to descriptive and the details she accounted just couldn’t be made up. One day I was I was on my roof looking up at the stars. Over head flew an airplane, and then another, and then another. I realized that there is never this many things flying over head in one night. When another thing flew over head I looked closely at it. And it was a circular flying disc with no lights on it. I called nine-one-one to report it and they said there is nothing in the airspace. What ever it was it was unable to be seen by radar. This is still unexplained up to this day. There are many unexplained buildings on earth that can not be explained on how they were created.

A Molestation Epidemic †Essay

A Molestation Epidemic – Essay Free Online Research Papers If you have a daughter, she has a one in five chance of being sexually abused before she turns twelve. One in five little girls under the age of twelve has been molested nationally by someone claiming the only thing they are guilty of is love. Through this paper, you will find facts and statistics showing that 92% of sexually abused children are not molested by some unknown on the street, but by a relative, close family friend or person of authority. You will discover that most molestations are not one-time offenses but continue for months and sometimes years before ever being disclosed. You will also learn the shockingly high number of white middle to upper-class offenders. This author will explore the offenders control over their victim and attempt to explain the victim’s silence. Lastly, we will look at the ability to rehabilitate and reintegrate sexual predators safely into society. Across our country the statics are startling; one in five female children are molested before reaching the tender age of five. While this appears as a staggering number the truth of the matter is these are only the number of cases reported. Officials feel the numbers are actually closer to one in three nationwide. What is even more alarming is the realization that these children are not targeted by some random individual off the street. In fact, ninety-two percent of molestations are carefully planned out by someone the family knows and trusts. In most cases, this individual is a step-father, father, uncle, cousin or family friend. These offenders lure a child into silence in a plethora of ways; they spend a very long time building trust with the child and family. Molestation isn’t something that just happens; molesters spend a great deal of time grooming the child. The more time they have to groom their victim, the least likely their victim is to speak. Young children are coerced into silence through a variety of different gifts, everything from puppies or kittens to snowboards, jewelry, make-up, a special food treat, or concert. If the offender feels like he might be losing his grip on her silence he will generally threaten harm, but not towards the child, instead to the child’s mother, sibling or favorite pet thus again ensuring obedient silence. Older children if groomed properly tend to become obsessed with the romance of the older man in love with the little girl. The molester will tell the child they love them, want them to replace the woman they are currently with, stress that nobody understands them as well as the child. Promise them everything their parents say no to, drinking, drugs, parties, and helping to hide boyfriends. This method works well with pre-teens and young teens that are trying desperately to establish their identity and want to be taken seriously and treated more maturely. These children are already in puberty, their bodies are changing and they are becoming curious. Male offenders will pray upon this approaching the child with innocent lessons. Playing the â€Å"you don’t want to be a klutz your first-time† card gets the molester in with the child who’s already afraid of disappointing boys with their lack of sexual knowledge. The girls commonly targeted are shy, quiet, and independent. It is thought that this combination in a child creates a doorway for the molester since the child is already antisocial. More often than not molesters are men; however, the number of female molesters is on the rise. Approximately twice as many incidents involve girls rather than boys (Hall). While most young men would view touching or even sex with an older woman as a â€Å"score† or good thing the number of women reported is up by twelve percent over the last five years (Child Molestation Research and Prevention Institute). Women offenders generally will target young boys, who are outcasts, loaners, the â€Å"geeks†, boys who are unpopular with the girls. Women offenders will show the boy love and affection, preying on the boys need to feel masculine, telling him he’s her protector, he’s so strong anything that will bolster his self-esteem and cause her to be the object of his affection. The early education of young boys has aided in the increasing numbers of women offenders; however, the larger increase is coming from women molesting girls. Girls tend to be more prone t o report a female offender than a male; experts believe that this is because as girls reach puberty they become more obstinate against their mothers, thus resisting female authority. It has been found that girls who get in trouble at school generally are having problems with another female, either a teacher they think has pushed too far, or a peer that has an opposing view to their own. Another very startling fact to most people is where this heinous act is found. A very common misconception is that only lower class minorities need to worry. In reality, it is exactly the opposite. More reported offenders are Caucasian males of middle or upper class between the ages of 30-50. Your child’s best friend’s father, your brother, your cousin, your husband or your father are all to be considered potential offenders. The most common place form of child molestation is by an immediate family member. In one in seven cases of child molestation, the offender is the male in a father figure role, the biological father, stepfather or adoptive father. One in thirteen reported cases of molestation are uncles, cousins or brothers. (Gretchen Turner, Nora Harlow, and Whitney Gabriel.) Molesters never LOOK like anything but a normal everyday hardworking individual. They are family men, pastors, teachers, coaches people whom everyone assumes is a friend and a safe place for their child. Forty percent of all molestations end in some form of the medical condition, often it is this condition that causes the offender to be revealed. Out of forty percent of molestation cases, three percent end in pregnancy which leads to the prosecution of the offender. One percent results in HIV which as we all know has not only no cure but will generally lead to death. Sixty-three percent are infected with the incurable venereal disease herpes, which generally comes as a shock to parents because with smaller children it’s a very nasty, painful sore that causes them to reveal it to their parents. Fifteen percent are diagnosed with other types of venereal disease’ many putting the child at risk of infertility when they get older. The remaining eighteen percent are either injured or treated for physical problems that again can cause many issues as the girl gets older. In the end, all children need very intense therapy. (Kenneth V. Lanning) While the law has taken a very strong stance on this crime over the last ten years the system is still flawed. While convicted offenders are required by law to register with local authorities around 50% do not. Let us take a brief look at the word convicted. The definition of convicted is transitive verb 1 : to find or prove to be guilty 2 : to convince of error or sinfulness intransitive verb: to find a defendant guilty (2009) . These individual have to be convicted criminally, however, only about 25% of cases are ever actually prosecuted. â€Å"The burden of proof is far too high† says Firestone District Attorney Craig Merrit, â€Å"Juries simply do not want to believe that this crime is happening in their community, or that this man that looks like the epitome of middle-class suburbia could possibly do this to his daughter. They prefer to think that the child saw it on T.V. so it’s happening to them. Often the defense in these cases force the child to take the witness stand, most become disoriented, their stories start changing because of confusing questions and that alone gives a jury reasonable doubt. While as a DA I want to see every one of these jerks behind bars, the reality of the situation is if I don’t have very hard physical proof and I mean major damage, bruises, tearing, pregnancy or seamen, I won’t prosecute because it’s far too hard on the children† (Craig Merrit). Many times when the offender is a parent, older sibling or someone living within the home child protective services files what is called a Dependant and Neglected case, or DN. This type of case is done on a civil level and is used alongside and in many cases in lieu of a criminal case. The burden of proof is much lower in a DN case because it is civil, in these cases they only have to think something happened. This causes the offender to have a restraining order filed although they do not have to register as sex offenders, nor do they ever have any record of what they have done. The major downfall to a DN case is it is also filed against the nonoffending parent or parents and in order for the children to receive proper therapeutic services the nonoffending parents must plead guilty. While this causes no marks upon their records and causes no problems in background checks, it does often cause the parents much personal discomfort. Sadly there seems to be no cure for this crime. According to the article For sex offenders, the dispute on therapys benefits (Goodnough Davey) only approximately 12% of sex offenders is able to be rehabilitated. Faulted for this unbelievable number is low conviction rates and low release rates. Parole boards, are responsible for the release of offenders and simply do not feel comfortable placing sex offenders back on the streets without some form of assurance from the offender. Most child sex offenders around 73% (Lanning) begin grooming their next victim within the first year of their release. Strangely, close to the same number of offenders falls off the tracking radar as swiftly. Another factor that is blamed for the low rehabilitation rates is the lack of true honesty among the offenders. Most of those guys, they are just faking it to make it, Mr. Carlin said. Theyre just waiting to get released so they can go right back to what they were doing. (Goodnough Davey) Through reading this paper it is this author’s sincerest hope that you have gleaned an understanding of this heinous crime. Girls from all walks of life are vulnerable and the predators are right in their own living room. Children remain silent for many reasons, some are frightened, others are ashamed but each child needs to be reminded that this was not their fault. Recovery from a sex crime can take a lifetime; parents need to remain vigilant for the signs not only from their children, but the people they allow around their children. Sex crimes are not to be taken lightly nor is it to be believed that offenders can safely reintegrate. Sexual offenders may know what they have done is wrong, but will not change their actions without continual intervention. Gene G Abel, M.D., and Nora Harlow (2001). The Stop Child Molestation Book Xlibris (Study test revised April 2002) . Gretchen Turner, Nora Harlow, and Whitney Gabriel. (2003, Fall). Child Sexual Abuse: A New Model for School Counselor Consultations ` Georgia School Counselors Association Journal. Vol 2 No 4 Child Molestation Research and Prevention Institute (2007). Retrieved November14, 2008 from childmolestationprevention.org/index.html Lesley A. Hall paedophilia The Oxford Companion to the Body. Ed. Colin Blakemore and Sheila Jennett. Oxford University Press, (2001). Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Apollo Group. Retrieved January 11, 2009 oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Mainentry=t128.e707 American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry : Child Sexual Abuse (2008 May) Retrieved November 14, 2008 from aacap.org/cs/root/facts_for_families/child_sexual_abuse Kenneth V. Lanning (2001) Child Molesters: A Behavior Analysis Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Retrieved November 14, 2008 from missingkids.com/en_US/publications/NC70.pdf Goodnough, Abby, and Monica Davey. For sex offenders, dispute on therapys benefits.(National Desk). The New York Times. (March 6, 2007): A1(L). Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Apollo Library. 11 Jan. 2009 . convict. (2009). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved January 11, 2009, from merriam-webster.com/dictionary/convict Research Papers on The Molestation Epidemic EssayThe Broken FamilyIs the Use of Psychotropic Drugs in the Treatment ofSexuality at Different Life Stages EssayAdvertising EssayChildhood Obesity EssayLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesProbation OfficersBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettEmmett Till BiographyThe Story of Beatrix Potter

Free Essays on I Felt A Funeral

The poem I felt a funeral, in my Brain by Emily Dickinson is a dream about the speaker’s death. This is evident because of the capitalization of brain in the line â€Å"I felt a funeral in my Brain,† In the poem the speaker does not only discuss the physical aspects of dying but also the process of mourning. Emily Dickinson herself loved earth and was unsure about letting go of it to move on to heaven. This poem shows the speaker mourning the loss of her connection with earth rather than a person. The poem follows a traditional New England funeral. The people begin to enter the church for the service. The repetition of the word treading and to and fro gives the reader a repetitive feeling. The repetition of the rhythm of the mourners going back and forth annoys the speaker. The noise of her friends and family alive and her dead and disconnected bothered her. Then they tread â€Å"till it seemed/ That Sense was breaking through- â€Å" the capitalizes word sense illustrates the dreamer almost waking up. In the next stanza the mourners are seated for the service, this line shows that the dreamer has gone back to sleep. The service is described to be like a drum and that is â€Å"†¦beating- beating- till I thought/ My Mind was going numb- â€Å" Again, the repetition and the word numb shows how as they speak about her life the poet is aggravated that she has to leave it behind. The next stanza the dreamer hears â€Å"them lift a Box† the box is capitalized and is used to describe the coffin. Box also sounds more confined than a coffin and the dreamer is feeling confined from the world. The line â€Å"With those same Boots of Lead, again,† is showing that once again she is feeling separated from life. Boots of Lead is a heavier phrase than the others describing the feeling. Dickinson did this because she wanted to show the feeling of solitude becoming stronger as the dreamer is closer to being buried, and separated from life forever. ... Free Essays on I Felt A Funeral Free Essays on I Felt A Funeral The poem I felt a funeral, in my Brain by Emily Dickinson is a dream about the speaker’s death. This is evident because of the capitalization of brain in the line â€Å"I felt a funeral in my Brain,† In the poem the speaker does not only discuss the physical aspects of dying but also the process of mourning. Emily Dickinson herself loved earth and was unsure about letting go of it to move on to heaven. This poem shows the speaker mourning the loss of her connection with earth rather than a person. The poem follows a traditional New England funeral. The people begin to enter the church for the service. The repetition of the word treading and to and fro gives the reader a repetitive feeling. The repetition of the rhythm of the mourners going back and forth annoys the speaker. The noise of her friends and family alive and her dead and disconnected bothered her. Then they tread â€Å"till it seemed/ That Sense was breaking through- â€Å" the capitalizes word sense illustrates the dreamer almost waking up. In the next stanza the mourners are seated for the service, this line shows that the dreamer has gone back to sleep. The service is described to be like a drum and that is â€Å"†¦beating- beating- till I thought/ My Mind was going numb- â€Å" Again, the repetition and the word numb shows how as they speak about her life the poet is aggravated that she has to leave it behind. The next stanza the dreamer hears â€Å"them lift a Box† the box is capitalized and is used to describe the coffin. Box also sounds more confined than a coffin and the dreamer is feeling confined from the world. The line â€Å"With those same Boots of Lead, again,† is showing that once again she is feeling separated from life. Boots of Lead is a heavier phrase than the others describing the feeling. Dickinson did this because she wanted to show the feeling of solitude becoming stronger as the dreamer is closer to being buried, and separated from life forever. ...

Knowledge, Truth, and Belief Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Knowledge, Truth, and Belief - Case Study Example Hence, assumption of burnt bulb cannot be taken as final but considered along with the issue of fuse. Only when the fuse is also tested, that the reality of bulb being burnt or not can be conclusively defined. Thus, rational approach of problem, where well articulated or logical arguments become basis for problem solution, needs to be adopted. (words: 158) Russell’s approach of looking at things is hugely important because it uses empirical knowledge to interpret the world around from wider perspective of rational approach. He believes that perceived reality is important part of human interaction with the world which is often interpreted in context with the real life situation. While perception is linked with the sensory organs, its interpretation and understanding hugely depends on cognitive processes that relies on manipulation of information as stored in memory. At the same time, Russell also employs skepticism to understand emotional and metaphysical reaction. The expanding knowledge promotes rational approach where skepticism facilitates in coming to the right conclusion. As part of experience, skepticism helps to evolve options that support not only accrued knowledge comprising of scientific and priori knowledge but also the intuitive and inductive knowledge that comes from experience. Hence Russell’s approach lends credibility to the wider empirical knowledge of rationalization process. (words: 151) Out of the variety of considerations that Reid presents in support of his common sense position, I believe the strongest argument is that human intellect is most important factor in social interaction. The human intellect takes into consideration the conscious and unconscious working of mind along with the ability to rationalize events based on construction and deconstruction of object reality. The cognitive theory helps to explain why and how the events take place and subsequent pattern of

Principles of Macroeconomics UAEs main economic challenges, including Essay

Principles of Macroeconomics UAEs main economic challenges, including domestic issues and its relations with the rest of the world - Essay Example After the discovery of oil, the country improved to a moderate nation with high standards of living and a rising GDP (The World Factbook, 2013). However, the country still has certain economic challenges that need to be addressed in order to maintain the economic performance of the country. Those challenges can be addressed in terms of GDP, Growth of the economy, labour force and unemployment rate, foreign relations and CPI and inflation. The major economic challenges of the country are: large expatriate workforce, growing inflation and over-dependence on oil. The World Factbook (2013) suggests that UAE’s GDP has improved since the discovery of oil in the country 30 years ago. However, efforts of diversification of the economy have reduced the proportion of GDP attributable to oil to 25%. This may have a negative impact on the size of GDP of the country if the other sectors of the economy fail to live up to the expected standards of the economy. The country’s GDP was also affected by the global financial crisis of 2009. Tight international credit and deflated asset prices also led to a restrained economy in 2009. Dubai was affected the most by the financial crisis (Dargin & Lim, 2012). It encountered serious depressed real estate prices. Dubai and UAE in general lacked enough money to meet their financial debts; resulting in world concern about its solvency. The total GDP measured in purchasing power parity was measured at $275.8 billion in 2012, ranking the country in position 50 in the world. Per capita GDP of the country in 2012 was $48,400 and the country was ranked 15th in the world. This size of GDP is mainly affected by dependence on oil. In terms of GDP, UAE is ranked behind other oil producing countries in the Middle East such as Saudi Arabia and Iran. This indicates that the GDP performance in the country is poor compared to equally resource-endowed neighbors. To improve this economic performance, the country intends to develop a

How should the set be constructed and designed in order to reflect Research Paper

How should the set be constructed and designed in order to reflect traditional Expressionist Theatre in a production of The Silver Tassie by Sean OCassey - Research Paper Example This thus makes second language acquisition difficult and slow. But a scientific factor as to why children learn second languages easier and quicker than adults is that children’s brains are flexible until they reach their teenage years in a process known as lateralization. Here the brain loses its flexibility by assigning specific roles to each side of the brain making learning hard and slow (VanPatten et al, 2004). This is also true in the learning of subjects as children catch up quickly and memorize unlike adults. This essay is going to review recent research findings related to how age affects the second language acquisition process mostly for English language learners that are new comers into the US. The language acquisition process is process where language is observed, grasped and produced by a child, which is the first language (Clark, 2001). The same process is used in the second language acquisition. The second language acquisition process has steps that it follows to learn. That is the child must learn the word, retain them, recall them and apply them constantly to be perfect (Birdsong, 2006). This steps cannot happen on their own since the child needs to first learn the language and this the child does by following some set of steps. These steps include Imitation, repetition, memorization, drilling and reinforcement. When a child is at this stage reinforcement is very productive and rewarding the child when they make good sentences or the correct words will enhance quick learning process of language acquisition. When this achieved it means that the child can now talk. The acquisition of the second language now comes into play and a theory is that a child’s learning of the first language is an insight to his learning the second language. This term was developed by a philosopher Noam Chomsky and it is abbreviated as UG. Chomsky in his theory suggests that human beings in general do not have to be taught language to acquire it but rather

Comparative Study Of Tesco Marketing Strategies And Activities Marketing Essay

Comparative Study Of Tesco Marketing Strategies And Activities Marketing Essay Abstract The study focuses the marketing strategies adopt by the TESCO and its comparison with other manufacturing, business and non-profit organizations. It also looks into linkages between the operations at these organizations and their marketing strategy. It shows that in current ever-changing and challenging market companies with different background have to adopt different marketing strategy to get the advantage over competitors. These companies and organizations have to link their operations with that marketing strategy so that they could meet with the maximum customer satisfaction. TESCO has a competitive advantage over its rivals in retail market as its adopting diverse strategies in operation as well as in marketing. TESCO is utilizing modern technology effectively. Introduction Marketing is a way to introduce your product to your targeted customers in any market. Todays business world demands every business to adopt a workable marketing strategy so that they could achieve competitive advantages over their rivals and could generate higher sales and profits successfully. There are different ways adopted by all the companies to maximize their reach in markets. This marketing strategy should be aggressive and effective. In this assignment we are going to study the approaches adopted by the TESCO which is one of leading retailer in United Kingdom. We will also study the difference of approaches adopted by TESCO comparing to the other manufacturing companies, service and non-profit organizations. The assignment will answer following four questions parted into three tasks, which are given below:- Task 1 (A) Understand and critically appraise the importance of marketing within the development of business plans and strategies at Tesco plc. Task 1 (B) In the report you must also evaluate and analyse the processes of market development in the dynamic retail business environment in which the company (TESCO) operates. Task 2 Critically evaluate, appraise and analyse the place of information systems and new technologies in developing business and marketing strategies and planning at Tesco plc. Task 3 Evaluate and analyse the linkages between marketing and operations in manufacturing, service and not-for-profit organisations to compare how these organisations undertake marketing. The focus of this study will be to understand the concept of marketing in general with focusing on the strategy and activities adopted by the TESCO. It will also help us in understanding the differences of marketing strategies adopted by different kinds of business and organizations like manufacturing, services and non-profits. 1.1 Background Founder of TESCO Jack Cohen, has started this business when he started to sell groceries in East London in 1919. The first days profit was 1 Pound. The business could lead him to sell his first product in his own brand name of Tesco in 1924. This name has come from the two first letters of TE Stockwell, and Co from surname of Jack. In those early days, Jack Cohen had a partner in firm of tea as a supplier, TE Stockwell. In 1929, Cohen could open his first store in Burnt Oak, Edgware in north of London. Tesco has become plc in 1932. A specified land has been bought in north of London at Angel Road, Edmonton for building a new headquarters and warehouse in 1934. (www.tescocorporate.com) Annual sales on Tesco touched landmark of one billion Pound in the year 1979. It exceeded to two billion Pound in the year of 1982. Same year for first time Tesco put some computerize checkouts in its stores. In the year 1985, Tesco became the first grocery retailer which started emphasizing on nutritional value of its brand products through an initiative named as Healthy Eating. In 1991 it became the biggest independent petrol retail seller in Britain. Next year it launched more new products and services which included Tesco Organic range, computers for schools and Every little Helps. Tesco has expanded its market on year, 1988 and 1999. Tesco improved customer service through lunching Customer Champions policy in stores; it became leader in organic retailer for the UK market. Tesco went to South Korea, Thailand and Taiwan. But later Tesco exited the Taiwanese market and it shifted to Czech Republic in 2005. Adopting the diversification strategy, a store under name of Tesco Homeplus was launched in 2005. In 2009 club cards re-lunched in the UK with a big investment of 150. Figure 1 shows Tesco around the world Website Tesco.com is the worlds most active online supermarket and in year 2009 the group had sales of more than  £577 million, with increase of 29% on year 2008. Tesco online widely operates with over 270 stores around the UK, covering 96% of the online retail market. Estimated more than one million households nationwide using the online service, the company has a strong platform to further develop this revenue stream. Anon (2004) 1.2 What is marketing? Marketing is the systematic approach of selling goods, adopted by any business and not for-profit organization with a specific message. It always attempts to raise the organization ability to generate profits, whether these are financial (profits and donations) or electoral. Tescos strategy is very clear, with the growth as target from four areas the core UK business of grocery, non-foods, international retailing services and expansion other services such as financial, the dotcom and telecommunication. 2 Task 1 (A) Understand and critically appraise the importance of marketing within the development of business plans and strategies at Tesco plc. 2.1 TESCOs Marketing Strategy The marketing strategy involves analyzing the market, and determining which product to offer and the exact what range of the customers to be suited, considerations relating to fashion, seasons ,sizing, as well as the appropriateness. Tesco decide that there will be a specific core European range of environmentally friendly products which are exported throughout the Europe, while there would be another range for local customers. However before any decisions are made about marketing strategy, a detailed market research is undertaken to test the concept of the new range, the pricing, attitudes towards Tesco, the new Alliance with partners, purchasing habits of the customers. TESCO adopts campaigns for marketing the business, such a campaign would consisting of TV and radio advertising at regular intervals. Advertisements in news papers and magazines. The alliance partner making press releases and sharing about their ventures on their national and regional media benefits Tesco. Company benefits in creating thousands of new jobs. The introduction of an environmentally friendly of products. Billboard campaigns. Internet advertisement. Direct marketing to known customers (Club cards) Tesco has a successful history since years of its start. Today, Tesco Plc is a successful retailer in the United Kingdom. Tesco has put some series of practical marketing strategies. According to Ansoff matrix strategy, Tesco could develop its markets and products in the UK market, and ultimately with diversification strategy has got in front of other rivals. Ansoff, I. (1989), by applying these different strategies, Tesco successfully got its competitive advantages over it other rivals. In the UK, the groceries market has been among the major businesses. Now Tesco is also securing the large market shares in this ever-changing global retailer market. Figure 2 shows that the strategies might be applied by Tesco regarding to Ansoff matrix and vertical integration has been successful. 2.2 Task 1 (B) In the report you must also evaluate and analyse the processes of market development in the dynamic retail business environment in which the company (TESCO) operates. TESCO has a very successful business history on its record, today it is most successful retailer in the United Kingdom. The position of Tesco among other rivals in UK shows that company successfully applied its designed marketing strategies. As a growing retailer, TESCO could easily take over from its other rivals and could be on a distinctive advantage over the top hundred profitable businesses in UK. Tesco has applied some series of experiential marketing ways. Market incursion, Product improvement, Market progress and Diversification are the strategies through Tesco have put influence and it is remaining on top in the market. By applying effective strategies, Tesco has successfully got its competitive advantage among other retailers. 2.2.1 Market Penetration strategy In order to achieve success, Tesco has a three way strategy. First, Tesco always takes customers from other competitors like ASDA, Sainsburys, Morison and Somerfield, etc. Second, by providing the quality product and higher level of services, Tesco could attract and keep more customers, where these Tescos customers feel that Tesco is the best service provider. This situation makes the distinction among Tesco and other competitors. Third, attracting to more non-users of products and services to some business, by using of advertising and promotion or other marketing strategies, these would be capable policies (Ansoff, 1989, Lynch, 2003). According to Lynch, Marketing Penetration strategy is very important for Tesco because retaining existing customers is cheaper than attracting new one. (Lynch, 2003). For example, Tescos international expansion strategy has responded to meet the maximum needs of customers. it is sensitive to local expectations in other countries, by entering into joint ventures with local partners, such as Samsung Group in South Korea (Samsung-Tesco Home plus), and Charoen Pokphand in Thailand (Tesco Lotus), appointing a very high proportion of local personnel to management positions. (Tesco Preliminary Results 2006) Tesco is accessing to the lowest cost materials for supply and efficient production to influence the retail market. By recognition of low cost supplier, it is a privilege for Tesco to offer goods and services to its customers benefitting at cheaper prices in the town. Tesco Having good experience of dealing with larger size and diversity of the customers and customers satisfaction that is necessary for Tesco as a retailer to retain it in the market. TESCO successfully has created its Brand loyalty. Tesco operates as Internet system provider (ISP), its now in mobile phone and home phone business, and Volp businesses. Tesco in joint venture with O2 could build up diversification in telecommunication and it could increase it businesses in voice over internet with Freshtel Australia. It developing a success slogan of The right message To the right audience At the right time 2.2.2 Marketing and Sales Loyalty programs for example Tesco Clubcard are available through information technology advances that discourage the customers from switching over to their rivals. Tesco also has introduced a Greener Living Scheme to give consumers guidance on environmental issues, like how to reduce food waste and food carbon marks when one is preparing meals. 2.2.3 Services Tesco has been adopting a dual policy of cost leadership and diversification, which led to importance placed over the customer service.   Drawing upon this dual strategy is exhibited through the development of self-service kiosks, financial services, focused direct marketing and promotions. The relative analysis of the value created by the big four supermarket chains, i.e., Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys and Morrisons has been provided. (Keynote (2010), 3 Task 2 Critically evaluate, appraise and analyse the place of information systems and new technologies in developing business and marketing strategies and planning at Tesco plc. 3.1 Place of Information system and Technologies Information system is modern day business tool which helps businesses to communicate internally and externally with effectiveness. It also includes the use of current advanced technologies. Any business which gets starts these days required to adopt proper and effective information systems that connects not only the all internal parts of business but connects business with its markets. The use of new technologies gives a company advantage over its rivals. The main question always remains for managers how they effectively utilize existing information systems and technologies. According to its website, Tesco maintains business relationships with approximately 2,000 own-brand primary suppliers from less than a hundred countries. (www.tescocorporate.com)The current achievement of Tesco could be supportive of their claim that Tesco logistics management strategy always helps to gain its competitive advantage. Tesco respects to the UK Governments statutory Supplier Code of Practice, and it holds strict execution on moral trading and commercial policies, and other conducts of ethical trading like training to all commercial staff. Superior effectiveness of the computer-controlled logistics schemes is seen in Tesco (Fernie and McKinnon 2003). its e-tailing is a key marketing and sales activity, placing grocery order over the website that operate in highly automated central warehouses and automated logistics is more competent as to judge against with other groceries in the market. Tesco looking for strengthen its relationship with suppliers and to increase market share based on the characteristics of services (e.g., intangibility, heterogeneity, simultaneity, and perish ability). (Thompson and Strickland 2003) Various Marketing and Communication Means Adopted by TESCO to build this relationship more effective and profit based. These means included following methods of communication:- Mail Television Radio/Digital Radio Website   Email Telephone On floors at stores TESCO effectively get benefits from modern technology from security purposes like alarm systems, mechanical doors, self scanning machines for customers (which saves their time from being into large lines for payments) towards other advanced like CCTV. There is swift transporting system within stores to supply from warehouse at store. In a swiftly shifting business environment with high pressure from its competitors Tesco have adopted new expansion strategies and diversified the present order to sustain its market position as leader in retailing market. In light of the above analysis, it can easily be concluded that Tesco is holding its leadership position successfully within the highly unstable retail market, where all companies are required to follow both cost leadership and diversification strategies. Tesco successfully has been able to realize both with the help of a lean and agile supply chain management, effective marketing strategy along with the better use of information technology and new developed systems. 4 Task 3 Evaluate and analyse the linkages between marketing and operations in manufacturing, service and not-for-profit organisations to compare how these organisations undertake marketing. 4.1 linkages between marketing and operations In organizations and businesses, when a new manager starts its business plan or operational plan for the first time he wonders about: What is the real aim? What am I going to achieve? What is my marketing strategy? He can answer all these questions according to the nature of company or organization. He focuses the aims and targets through a working plan and supports that plan with an effective workable marking strategy that makes the organization or company very prominent in the market.The main objective of marketing is to bring development in the business or services and to get the attention of beneficiaries or consumers. Various businesses and organizations adopt different marketing techniques according to their needs. For example if we see a tight linkage between marketing and manufacturing it tells that a manufacturing company always looks for the value-added opportunities. It ensures with the aim of the right manufacturing capabilities are existing to meet up the requirements of customers. It also focuses that near- and long-term demands has been put in to the formation of manufacturing plans, inventory strategies and material handlings. Essentially manufacturing strategy should be aligned with marketing strategy. It should be developed in manner that improves the viable capability of the organization. In addition simple inter-functional co-ordination, manufacturing and marketing strategy decisions must be united and linked to the company strategy. In their empirical study of new firms, conclude that the synergy between marketing and manufacturing strategy decisions is more closely related to business success than either marketing or manufacturing decisions alone. In businesses or non-profit organizations share holder progress is not the main purpose, return on investment is less of an adding resource in business planning, however a vital necessity. Here return on investment is not primary motive of the business. Instead the main motive of enterprise may be some other purpose. Thus, the main difference between marketing products or services is that there is much more personal contact required when marketing a service as compared with marketing products. Marketing services may require meeting the customer in a face-to-face basis, or it may mean contacting prospective customers over the telephone. For all those firms which always emphasize product qualities those are not taking serious about the significant correlations with the marketing strategy. While firms which emphasized cutback in costs, they always focus on improving the sales. Firms which put greater emphasis on the product design effort those emphasize three marketing strategy factors: a change in the product line improves sales effort, and helps in new market development. This relationship seems rational, as the focus on product design and its development will lead to opportunity in new markets or for new customers. All those activities which affect the flow of goods and services from producers or service deliverer to the users or consumers are part of marketing. While in advanced industrial economies like UK, marketing strategies play a main role in formatting corporate policy. Once concerned with rising sales through marketing and other promotional techniques, corporate or organization marketing departments these days focus on product development, credit policies, distribution, customer support, and internal communications. Different organizations or business adopt different methods for marketing and connect the marketing and operations to maximise their output. The aim is same to get maximum attention from customers or beneficiaries. 5 Conclusion There are more than six billion humans who are living in this global market which is always inviting business and organizations to sell their product, services or make them benefited from some social and developmental work. It is estimated that there are 900 million PCs worldwide. 44% of UK adults use SMS text messaging on a daily basis, compared with 36% who use the Internet. 63% of Americans are not willing to lend their phone and there are 1.3 billion Internet users, 1.5 billion TV households, 3.3 billion mobile subscribers, Average time to report a lost wallet 26 hours and average time to report a lost mobile, 68 minutes. That shows the competition and challenges for companies to adopt workable marketing strategy for companies and organizations. Tesco is quite able to recognize technological changes and infrastructure particularly on its e-tailing business. Aside from Tescos use of internet as major technological infrastructure, changes are to be anticipated or the management should be able to deal with the rapid changes in technologies. Tesco is required to improve technological infrastructures through innovations to increase efficiency as well as quality of the products and services. All in all, Tescos senior executives who think about how to establish and sustain competitive advantage using logistics strategy should consider how to tailor their own logistics. To do so, they will need a sound understanding of the fundamental principles of good logistics as well as exploring new logistics capabilities. A strategic model to enable Tesco to obtain its objectives and to sustain competitive advantages in the markets. In USA Tesco cannot enter to this market and compete with the strongest retailer such as Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart has completely covered all the United State markets and there are not any chances for other rivals to enter to the market.

Mystifying the Senses: Bimodal Speech Perception :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Mystifying the Senses: Bimodal Speech Perception My grandmother, like many elderly people, suffers from hearing loss. Recently however, she has begun to lose her sight as well. Curiously enough, though her level of auditory impairment remains the same since macular degeneration has claimed her ability to see, her hearing seems to have deteriorated further. Could this be simply the result of alienation because of the loss of a further sense? This situation led me to wonder about my own hearing ability. I have often experienced hearing difficulty in settings where I cannot see the person who is talking to me-in a movie theater, or over the telephone. The questions raised here call into question the conventional notion of sensory processing. Distinctive inputs are received by their respective processing organ and the end result is relayed to the brain. How then can we explain a seeming reliance of two different sensory percepts on each other? Is there more to hearing than our ears? Historically, scientific evidence for the existence of sensory integration has long existed, but the first formal theory developed to this effect was stumbled upon by Harry McGurk and John MacDonald of the University of Surrey (1). The scientists were involved in a study of how infants perceive speech by playing a video of a mother talking in one place and playing the sound of her voice in another place. They randomly began to play with the consequences of dubbing an particular audio sound onto the video of the mother saying a different sound (2). They found that when the auditory syllable, "ba-ba" was imposed on the visual syllable "ga-ga", "da-da" was heard. The same occurred when the audio and visual syllables were reversed. Also, "pa-pa" dubbed on "ka-ka" was heard as "ta-ta". When one of the sensory inputs was eliminated by closing the eyes, or plugging the ears, the correct syllable was identified (2). McGurk and McDonald found "Contemporary, auditory-based theories of speech p erception...inadequate to accommodate these new observations" and concluded that there must be some allowance made for the influence of the visual on hearing (2). The conventional theory of the senses is challenged. So, speech perception is bimodal. Of course, as science repeatedly shows, nothing is simple as that. The question remains, how does this integration occur? When does it occur? What neurological systems are involved? It has become generally accepted that audio and visual inputs are received by independent organs (the ears and eyes) and that integration occurs sometime after these two systems have "processed" the input.