Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Compare and Contrast Two Main Model of Brief Therapy Essay...
Modern day counselling is equipped with a wide variety of therapies, techniques and approaches. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast two approaches of therapy. Also in this essay the views of the person and the Therapeutic process will be discussed. The two models that are going to be compared are Gerald Eganââ¬â¢s The Skilled Helper model and Steve De-Shazerââ¬â¢s Solution Focused Brief therapy (SFBT). This essay is going to highlight the similarly and differences of the models and their main focus, and how the two models Gerald Egan The Skilled Helper and Steve De-Shazer Solution Focused Therapy will help the clients choose goals that best fit their environment and resources. The aim of using these models is to help people.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This is the ââ¬Ëhowââ¬â¢ stage. How will the client move forward with the goals that they have identified in the previous stage? The counsellor will assist the client in finding ways of achieving their goals and how to focus on those that are practical in terms of the client situation and needs. The basic goals in the skilled helper model is relating to the clients is managing their lives more effectively and general ability to manage problems and develop opportunities. The view of the client in this model is that they are central to the therapy. (The client is the focus and the theory is the background and to use the model for the client, rather thee reverse). These stages outlines what the client needs to do in order to manage a problem or develop an opportunity, clients don`t always take one step after another they can move back and forth in the stages. The stages are not always sequential they are stepping stones towards the accomplishment of reaching a goal. Working with Gerald Egan the Skilled Helper Model also allows the client to moves forwards as each stage consist of specific skills that will assist, also it encourages clients to become active interpreters of the world around them, the Skilled Helper Model gives meaning to action, event and situations by facing and overcoming challenges exploring problems seeking new opportunities and establishing goals. Also the Skilled Helper Model will contribute toShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast the Main Principles in Any Two of the Followingpsychological Therapies: Psychoanalysis, Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Therapy or Humanistic Therapy1584 Words à |à 7 PagesPsychology Assignment 1 ââ¬Å"Compare and contrast the main principles in any two of the followingPsychological therapies: psychoanalysis, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy or humanistic therapy.â⬠Over the detritus of centuries, mental illnesses (such as anxiety, depression and personality disorder) have been a major contentious topic, especially in the medieval times in which religion centered, cultural and traditional influenced people deemed these exhibiting symptoms of psychopathology asRead MoreInfluence on Behaviors and Psychological Disorders Outline2473 Words à |à 10 PagesPsychological Disorders Outline I. Introduction ââ¬Å"Recent data estimate the overall prevalence of depression at about 11.1% of the American population, or nearly 35 million individuals (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). A predictive models suggest that up to 50% of the population will experience at least one episode of depression during their livesâ⬠(Life Extension, 2014). Depression has negatively affected the lives of many individuals throughout the world. Look around you there mayRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Theory and Psychodynamic Theory Essay1840 Words à |à 8 Pagescognitive behavioural theory and psychodynamic theory. This will include the history of each theory and the theorists that discovered and developed both. I am going to link each theory to where they fit in Payneââ¬â¢s Triangle of Social Work as well as compare and contrast each theory. Both Cognitive behavioural theory and psychodynamic theory both support the purposes of social work in which I will cover beneath. 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Additional positive emotions, such as ambitious and inspired fall into an ââ¬Å"otherâ⬠category. Negative affect is described as having four main categories, including (1) depressed-sad, anxiety, anger, (2) contempt, (3) sense of fatigue, and (4) other or combinations of negativeRead MoreConcussions Are Becoming Less Of An Issue Essay1598 Words à |à 7 Pagesto better procedures and management. Many kids who are into contact sports will receive a concussion at some point in their career. This became a serious issue around the early 1990s and is now one of the most serious issues in today s sports. The main concern is trying to know when kids are ready to get back onto the field. Coaches, doctors, and parents are getting worried about the safety of their kids and are skeptical about letting them continue in sports. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is theRead MoreThe Workplace Of An Occupational Therapist Essay2111 Words à |à 9 Pageslives to helping those in need carry out essential day-to-day actions. When questioned, ââ¬Å"What is Occupational Therapy?â⬠The American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc. (AOTA) indicated, ââ¬Å"Occupational therapy practitioners a sk, ââ¬ËWhat matters to you?ââ¬â¢ not, ââ¬ËWhat s the matter with you?ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ While there are various different aspects in the realm of Occupational Therapy, this report will allow brief background information on the occupation, how and who with occupational therapists communicate in the workplaceRead MoreFamily Therapy Practice With Adult Focussed3320 Words à |à 14 PagesFAMILY THERAPY PRACTICE WITH ADULT FOCUSSED PROBLEMS- REVIEW Ms. Sherin Yohannan1, Mr. Mathew M. Varghese2, Dr.R.Parthasarathy3 Abstract: Background: Adults are the individuals who have completed their growth and are ready to assume their status in the society. These adults pass their different phases from early adulthood to late adulthood. These adults are vulnerable and prone to various mental health issues. The mental health issues could be marital distress and divorce, psychosexual problemsRead MoreJuxtaposition Of Adlerian Therapy And Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay2157 Words à |à 9 PagesJuxtaposition of Adlerian Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is widely known and utilized in the psychological field; however, Adlerian therapy, also known as individual psychology, is not universally known yet has roots that appear in CBT. In fact, Albert Ellis, founder of CBT, has acknowledged that Alfred Adler, founder of individual psychology, was one of the earliest therapists to emphasize the importance of understanding peopleââ¬â¢s thoughts, their observationsRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Psychoanalytic and Existential/Humanistic Perspectives4364 Words à |à 18 PagesIntroduction This essay is about comparing and contrasting two out of the eight personality theories commonly used to decipher oneââ¬â¢s personality. Those two are the psychoanalytic perspective and the existential/humanistic perspective. Both perspectives are equally important as they play a major role in understanding personality in different ways and explaining them as well. Freudââ¬â¢s psychoanalysis helps us to understand the individualââ¬â¢s personality from its early years right up to adulthood while
Crocs Advertisement Analysis free essay sample
This is because Crocsâ⠢ is famous for the unique design and the bright-coloured products. The previous year, Crocsâ⠢ got into the hard session with a big loss because of the lowest sales record. Therefore, Crocsâ⠢ has launched a new advertising campaign ââ¬Å"Feel the Loveâ⬠. This advertising campaign ââ¬Å"Feel the Loveâ⬠sent their message to the consumer via television advertisement. The advertisement was published as below statement ââ¬Å"an actress wearing black high-heel shoes enters an apartment building and wearily climbs a flight of stairs. As she opens the door to her unit, two small red animated characters based on the Crocs original clog model, with stubby arms and legs and blinking ventilation holes representing eyes, scamper toward her like puppies. The characters cling to her ankles and then, as she sits on the couch to read her mail, they remove her shoes, massage her feet, and then slip a new style of Crocs flats onto her feet. We will write a custom essay sample on Crocs Advertisement Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ââ¬Å"Meet Croslite,â⬠says a voiceover toward the end of the 30-second spot, by Cramer-Krasselt in Chicago, ââ¬Å"the loyal, loving, good-for-you technology, in every pair of Crocs. (Newman 2010) Besides, Crocsâ⠢ also let this advertising campaign available in print material, online and outdoor advertisement. According to the advertisement, one woman step into her house, this represents the celebrity using to persuade the consumer as that actress wearing Crocsâ⠢ products. Besides, and the cute red animated characters is the Crocsâ⠢ clog model. This is the characters that represented Crocsâ⠢. Everyone will think of Crocsâ⠢ when see the clog model as well as it is really cute and attractive symbol. Furthermore, the clog models are in red colour, the red colour represented as passion for life. This showed that Crocsâ⠢ having the passion for life. At last, the cute little clog models removed the womanââ¬â¢s high heel shoes and massage her legs. Upon that, the clog models massage the woman feet and put a new style of Crocsâ⠢ sandals to her feet. Finally a sweet voice with nice quotes ended up the advertisement. From here, we can see that Crocsâ⠢ is trying to give the sense of love to the consumer. As Crocsâ⠢ take care of the consumer feet and trying to give an expression that wearing Crocsâ⠢ sandals is a feel like easy and comfortable. After wearing the high heel shoes for whole day work should have to enjoy the comfortable through Crocsâ⠢ sandals. The vice president of marketing department of Crocsâ⠢, Ken Chaplin said Feel the Love made sense on a number of levels, but first and foremost because of our proprietary Croslite technologyââ¬âthe soft, cushiony, foot-loving material in every pair of Crocs. This technology is what sets our shoes apart from any other in the casual footwear market. We make shoes that love you back, and people are passionate about our footwear because of this. â⬠The message structure and presentation of Crocsâ⠢ advertisement is more to one-sided message. Crocsâ⠢ tell their target audience the good points and benefits about their products. Besides that, Crocsâ⠢ also framing their message by focusing the benefits gained by using the product. In brief, the theme of ââ¬Å"Feel the Loveâ⬠is the key point of this advertisement. Crocsâ⠢ has their own communication strategy. For example, the advertisement focuses on women consumer group. As footwear is low-involvement products, people do not search for a lot of information to decide whether buy or not to buy. Therefore, Crocsâ⠢ follow the peripheral route to persuasion by emphasizing symbolic material such as the core product, scenery, music and celebrity. Based on the analysis above, we can conclude that Crocsâ⠢ has designed a very wonderful and suitable theme of campaign ââ¬Å"Feel the Loveâ⬠to represent the image of Crocsâ⠢ as well as match their slogan ââ¬Å"walk in comfort wear in styleâ⬠. The consumer mindset already get use to know Crocsâ⠢ producing comfortable footwear. Since in the footwear industry, they are available for so many footwear brands. Why do consumers need to choose Crocsâ⠢? Through the advertisement of ââ¬Å"Feel the Loveâ⬠, Crocsâ⠢ successfully create a very positive image to portray Crocsâ⠢ sandals will give the consumer a sense of being home after tiring work. This is a very important key point for every consumer. This is due to the reason consumer wearing these uncomfortable but stylish shoes for works or any other occasion, they were so tiring and just want to back home and enjoy the peaceful moments. Therefore, Crocsâ⠢ has noticed the need of consumers and they launched a new advertising campaign to introduce several types of fashionable and comfy shoes.
Wednesday, April 22, 2020
Martha Ballards Diary free essay sample
An examination of the book A Midwifes Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on her Diary, 1785-1812 by Laurel Thatcher Ulrich which describes the life of women in this period in Northern New England. This paper examines the lives of women in colonial America by studying this unique work which is written in diary form by a woman named Martha Ballard. The aim of the author of this book was to show historians that information about women in this period does exist, as they are often over-looked in history books. This paper shows how this book is a rich source of the personal and social struggles of women in this era. Laurel Thatcher Ulrichs strips away the justification that historians often call on to validate their disregard of womens lives in colonial America, which the essential documents do not exist. Perceptively creatively combing through household inventories, account book, court files, indentures, captivity recounting and mens diaries. We will write a custom essay sample on Martha Ballards Diary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The author shows the complex richness and truth of women role and lets the modern reader listen to women voices from their oral traditions. Ulrich is immersed in the homely information of the colonial life. She shows a genuine appreciation of colonial society imparting the multiple contradictions of its patriarchal, hierarchical and common values, its religiosity and earthiness.
Monday, March 16, 2020
Free Essays on Homework
are used to describe the cleaning of the different countries and the world. Phrases such as, ââ¬Å"scrub up Africaâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢d wash the Amazon riverâ⬠give the sensation of ... Free Essays on Homework Free Essays on Homework Tom Loveless: There have been a number of press accounts saying that kids are overwhelmed with homework. We wanted to analyze the evidence on this question. We [looked at] all of the surveys done on homework in the past 20 years that have national representative samples and have met high scientific standards ... at the elementary and the high-school level. What did you find? Two things: The homework burden is not very onerous, and it hasnââ¬â¢t changed very much over the last two decades. UCLA conducts a survey of four-year degree-granting institutions in which they ask [college freshmen]: ââ¬Å"In your final year of high school, how much homework did you have?â⬠Theyââ¬â¢ve asked every year since 1987. Last year, the amount of homework kids had when they were seniors in high school hit a record low- 66 percent said they had five hours or less of homework per week. The troubling thing is that this sample [does not include] high-school dropouts, kids who go directly from high school into the work force, kids who go directly into the military and kids who go to community colleges. So these are our top students, and they are saying they did not have very much homework when they were seniors in high school. What about younger kids? The National Assessment of Educational Progress started asking homework questions in 1980. With 9-year-old students, they began asking about homework in 1984. They ask kids, ââ¬Å"How much homework did you have yesterday?â⬠Itââ¬â¢s a very specific question. At age 9, 83 percent of kids said they had an hour or less of homework. The homework horror stories usually feature third or fourth graders with three or four hours of homework per night. How typical is that kind of child? In the NAEP survey, at age 9, the percentage of kids who had more than two hours of homework per night- so a lighter load than is being portrayed in these stories, although t... Free Essays on Homework Poem 1: ââ¬Å"The Unbelieverâ⬠by Elizabeth Bishop 1. This poem is about communication between a bird on the wing and the environment around it. It is very metaphorical. Obviously it is impossible for a bird and a cloud to speak to each other in words, but in this poem they speak with each other metaphorically. The imagery is of a bird flying over the ocean making sure it doesnââ¬â¢t fall into the water below which it believes wants it to fall and die. The reader has the sense of a bird fighting gravity and its sense that the sea below wants it to fall and die. This poem is full of metaphoric speech between the cloud and the bird. The cloud says, ââ¬Å"I never move. See the pillars there in the sea?â⬠My feeling on this is that there is harm down below and the cloud is trying to get the bird to look down and endure the danger, but the bird refuses. 2. These feelings seem to relate to the ideas that are implicit because it implies indirectly that although there may be imminent danger you can learn to avoid being sucked into seeing it and thinking about it and just keep on track. An example is driving. Thereââ¬â¢s the imminent danger of crashing into an on-coming car or off a bridge or into a wall, but the driver still drives without thinking about the dangers that could take place. This poem is about determination even with so many things trying to bring you down. So this is why the ideas are implicit to the feelings because it is a simple story about a bird fighting the clouds and the wind and the water down below and staying on track and remaining determined. Poem 2: ââ¬Å"Homeworkâ⬠by Allen Ginberg 1. This poem is about the fact that the world is not perfect and that it needs to be ââ¬Å"cleanedâ⬠in a way. This is a very metamorphic poem because metaphoric words are used to describe the cleaning of the different countries and the world. Phrases such as, ââ¬Å"scrub up Africaâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢d wash the Amazon riverâ⬠give the sensation of ...
Saturday, February 29, 2020
Apush Slavery Dbq
Both the free African Americans and enslaved confronted and endure the challenges they faced as they fought for rights and equality. The Revolutionary War was a major factor in the development of slavery during that period of time. During the early months of the war, the Lord Dunmoreââ¬â¢s Proclamation was written which declared all slaves free if they took up arms against the American colonists. (Doc A) The British took advantage of the slavesââ¬â¢ desire for freedom to disrupt the Americanââ¬â¢s war efforts. Antislavery sentiments were circulating in the North due to the ideas of the war. However, in the South, the whites believed that they deserved to own the slaves and that it would secure the freedom that they were fighting for. After the Americans won the war, slavery was abolished in the North and further importation of slaves was prohibited. However, slavery was still ongoing in the southern and border states. Manumission, the act of freeing slaves, was soon occurring in the 1790ââ¬â¢s because people started to feel that slavery was bad because it went against the ideals of the Revolutionary War. Venture Smithââ¬â¢s Narrative was an example of manumission as the slave paid for his freedom. (Doc F) This was a common act as many slaves were freed as such during the 1790ââ¬â¢s. The Revolutionary War and the ideals revolving around it contributed to the increased number of free African Americans. Related article: Apush Taxation Without Representation Dbq However, even as more and more slaves were being freed, the institution of slavery was expanding too. The southern areas of the United States had an increasing number of slaves from 1790 to 1830. In 1790, only the southern states along the east coast and an area around the Ohio River had an overwhelming percent of slaves. This increased as in 1830, almost all the southern states up to the Mississippi River had a large group of slaves. (Doc C) A reason for such an increase in slaves was due to the invention of the cotton gin. This led to a revival in slavery due to the increase amount of cotton farms to accommodate the demands from England. Cotton ruined the farmland and this led to expansion west as the soil exhausted which explains the increasing trend of slaves in the southern states. During the same period, both free African Americans and enslaved ones faced challenges as they tried to gain rights and freedom. Free African Americans felt they had the right to vote and ââ¬Å"no taxation without representationâ⬠. They felt that since they fought along with the colonists in the Revolutionary War for the same ideals then they should have the rights to it instead of it being imposed on them now. Doc B) Even though some African Americans were freed, they were not spared from discrimination and abuse. Free African Americans in Boston had to bear with daily insults and physical abuse on the streets. Images of African Americanââ¬â¢s deformity were also common placed in areas of cities and towns. (Doc I) David Walker was an abolitionist who called for blacks to take up arms and fight back against the whites. Walker b elieved that the blacks should be just as free as Americans and it will just end up hurting the Americans if the blacks have to obtain their freedom by fighting. Doc J) There have been frequent slave rebellions in hope of obtaining freedom. The Haitian Revolution led to an increase in slave revolts as slaves gain hope after seeing the successful revolution in Haiti. Both the freed and enslaved African Americans faced their challenges by enduring and taking up arms against the whites. Overall, the Revolutionary War and its ideals led to the manumission of many slaves. The cotton gin was a major factor of the revival of slavery in the south. Both the freed and enslaved African Americans fought for their equality and rights. Due to these changes, the African Americanââ¬â¢s role in society is reconsidered. Apush Slavery Dbq Both the free African Americans and enslaved confronted and endure the challenges they faced as they fought for rights and equality. The Revolutionary War was a major factor in the development of slavery during that period of time. During the early months of the war, the Lord Dunmoreââ¬â¢s Proclamation was written which declared all slaves free if they took up arms against the American colonists. (Doc A) The British took advantage of the slavesââ¬â¢ desire for freedom to disrupt the Americanââ¬â¢s war efforts. Antislavery sentiments were circulating in the North due to the ideas of the war. However, in the South, the whites believed that they deserved to own the slaves and that it would secure the freedom that they were fighting for. After the Americans won the war, slavery was abolished in the North and further importation of slaves was prohibited. However, slavery was still ongoing in the southern and border states. Manumission, the act of freeing slaves, was soon occurring in the 1790ââ¬â¢s because people started to feel that slavery was bad because it went against the ideals of the Revolutionary War. Venture Smithââ¬â¢s Narrative was an example of manumission as the slave paid for his freedom. (Doc F) This was a common act as many slaves were freed as such during the 1790ââ¬â¢s. The Revolutionary War and the ideals revolving around it contributed to the increased number of free African Americans. Related article: Apush Taxation Without Representation Dbq However, even as more and more slaves were being freed, the institution of slavery was expanding too. The southern areas of the United States had an increasing number of slaves from 1790 to 1830. In 1790, only the southern states along the east coast and an area around the Ohio River had an overwhelming percent of slaves. This increased as in 1830, almost all the southern states up to the Mississippi River had a large group of slaves. (Doc C) A reason for such an increase in slaves was due to the invention of the cotton gin. This led to a revival in slavery due to the increase amount of cotton farms to accommodate the demands from England. Cotton ruined the farmland and this led to expansion west as the soil exhausted which explains the increasing trend of slaves in the southern states. During the same period, both free African Americans and enslaved ones faced challenges as they tried to gain rights and freedom. Free African Americans felt they had the right to vote and ââ¬Å"no taxation without representationâ⬠. They felt that since they fought along with the colonists in the Revolutionary War for the same ideals then they should have the rights to it instead of it being imposed on them now. Doc B) Even though some African Americans were freed, they were not spared from discrimination and abuse. Free African Americans in Boston had to bear with daily insults and physical abuse on the streets. Images of African Americanââ¬â¢s deformity were also common placed in areas of cities and towns. (Doc I) David Walker was an abolitionist who called for blacks to take up arms and fight back against the whites. Walker b elieved that the blacks should be just as free as Americans and it will just end up hurting the Americans if the blacks have to obtain their freedom by fighting. Doc J) There have been frequent slave rebellions in hope of obtaining freedom. The Haitian Revolution led to an increase in slave revolts as slaves gain hope after seeing the successful revolution in Haiti. Both the freed and enslaved African Americans faced their challenges by enduring and taking up arms against the whites. Overall, the Revolutionary War and its ideals led to the manumission of many slaves. The cotton gin was a major factor of the revival of slavery in the south. Both the freed and enslaved African Americans fought for their equality and rights. Due to these changes, the African Americanââ¬â¢s role in society is reconsidered.
Wednesday, February 12, 2020
Muti questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Muti questions - Essay Example (5 marks) Pearl Harbour was the best geographical place for an attack; it was close enough to japan than other places like San Francisco. The more the Japanese attackers moved closer the more they were going to be detected hence a place far away was best suited for them. They wanted to stop any interference coming from the USA government of wanting to attack the Dutch, Singapore, Burma, Malaysia and South Asia. Japan wanted to take over the oil resources of South Asia because the American government had stopped selling oil to them because of their hostility in China (Takaki 323). The pearl harbour had the majority of the USA`s naval force. For Japan to win over America forces, they wanted to destroy most of its naval force that existed in Pearl Harbour. They wanted as well to avoid immediate retaliation of the USA because the needed time to regroup after their naval base was destroyed. Some people in the American government were getting suspicious that the Japanese would attack them, Japanese felt that were running out time and soon the USA government would discover the attack they were planning. The nearest place for them to execute their attack plan was in the harbour. The Japanese army was in control of government resources and they wished that one day that they would conquer all of China. American was not being fair by trying to stop this from happening. What led to the increase in spending in Reagan`s spending 1987? (3 marks) President Reagan financed the development of nuclear weapons. Funds were directed to the research and development of nuclear weapons. Defence spending under Reagan`s government were more than usual. The impacts of World War 2 were still being felt in the USA and the president wanted to put back the economy at its feet. What factors led to the migration of the Vietnamese to USA? (5 marks) Individuals from Vietnam were poverty stricken hence they had to move and find resources elsewhere. The Vietnam country was facing Economic hardships Continuous war in Vietnam led to the immigration of Vietnamese to the USA because peace existed there. There existed social struggle in Vietnam. The country had no Political stability. How did Harry S. Truman manage the war after the death of President Franklin (5marks) (Takaki 373) At first Truman felt he was not a man enough to take the place of Franklin who had just died. He had the problem of continuing the war which wasnââ¬â¢t finished. In his mind the fastest way to finish and win the war was to use atomic weapons against Japan. Trauma worked with the congress and funded heavily in the United Nations and helped in doing away with of communism. He came up with a marshal plan of rebuilding Europe which had been badly destroyed during the war time. He oversaw the lifting of Berlin and the creation of NATO. Trauma`s presidency was a turning point for the country especially in the sector of foreign affairs as America now supported foreign policies and worked closely with other countries. Why were the Americans involved in the Vietnam War? (8 marks) The USA wanted the stop of communism spread in Asia. The Americans strongly opposed communism. Already the USA was in the Vietnam supplying and providing military and financial support. They felt that they needed to be there fully and increases their military personnel. There was a growing risk and support of the National Liberation Front. This was a communist guerrilla group which had attacked the USA in the South Vietnam. The political ego of
Saturday, February 1, 2020
Analysis Paper on Komatsu, Ltd. (B) Profit Planning Product Costing Article
Analysis Paper on Komatsu, Ltd. (B) Profit Planning Product Costing - Article Example The fact that the remaining operations (construction, real estate, unit housing, chemicals and plastics, and software development) brought forward only 20% of the corporate revenues would have been considered the need for a change in planning It seems that the 3Gâ⬠strategy of growth, globalization, and group diversification adopted in 1989, was able to make a financial progress by following correct processes of Profit Planning and Product Costing. The act that Komatsuââ¬â¢s profit planning process consisted of three major stages: policy making, profit planning, and evaluation to be a good starting point towards progress. Similarly, the decision to change/revise the Profit planning to be done on yearly basis, instead of the previous semi-annual practice, is a prudent move based on the given three reasons. It is true as it takes a lot of pre-preparation time, as everyone has to devote a substantial amount of their working time in preparing reports. This has been found out as counterproductive as it happens at the expense of their working time. It is also true, that semiannual report is based on a short-term perspective. Perhaps, it may not give the relevant picture as some of the processes take time to produce the expected outcome. It is also correct to understand that if allocations of fixed costs have to be changed based on the figures emanating from the semi-annual, it may not be realistic as well as too arbitrary to be me aningful. While analyzing the processes followed under Policy Making Stage, it can be clearly seen that they followed correct procedures, instead of taking arbitrary decisions by the policymakers. The fact that the development of the long-term plan began with the preparation of a preliminary long-term plan by the corporate planning and control department is an exemplary procedure to follow, which is ignored by most of the contemporary businesses. Their practice of submitting the approved preliminary long-term plan to each division is very practical and commendable.Ã
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